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Authority traditionally passes down through a succession line related to one's bloodline and birth order within the ruling royal family, often limited by gender. Monarchy is a power system that appoints a person as head of state for life or until abdication. Aristocrats led major countries, including Britain, Germany, and Russia, until World War I, when other government forms gained popularity. Real-World ExampleĪristocracy originated in ancient Greece the term derives from the Greek word, aristokratia, meaning "rule of the best." Aristocracies were the dominant governments during most medieval and modern periods across Europe. Aristocracies often connect wealth and ethnicity with both the ability and right to rule.
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Members of the aristocracy are usually chosen based on their education, upbringing, and genetic or family history. Īristocracy refers to a government form in which a small, elite ruling class - the aristocrats - have power over those in lower socioeconomic strata. Following an anti-apartheid movement, the country adopted a liberal democracy that ultimately gave all ethnic and linguistic groups in South Africa political representation. The minority white population exercised dominance and imposed segregation over the nation's majority Black population, controlling policy, public administration, and law enforcement. The government that ruled South Africa from 1948 to 1991 was a racially constructed oligarchy. Oligarchies often have authoritative rulers and an absence of democratic practices or individual rights. A specific set of qualities, such as wealth, heredity, and race, are used to give a small group of people power. Oligarchies are governments in which a collection of individuals rules over a nation. This approach essentially combines the collective nature of communism with the private ownership and competitiveness of capitalism.
Real politics definition free#
They all adhere to socialist policies that combine free-market capitalism with extensive public works, including free healthcare, free education, a comprehensive welfare state, and high percentages of unionized workers. Socialism is the cornerstone of the Scandinavian nations of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. Each person benefits from and contributes to the system according to their needs and ability. Citizens communally own the means of production and distribution of goods and services, while a centralized government manages it. Socialism is a system that encourages cooperation rather than competition among citizens. Countries that retain single-party, Marxist-Leninist rulership include Cuba, Laos, Vietnam, and the People's Republic of China. Most modern communist states embrace Marxism-Leninism, a communist ideology based on Marx and Russian revolutionary and politician Vladimir Lenin's doctrines. The Soviet Union was a one-party, communist state in Northern Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. Citizens are part of a classless society that distributes goods and services as needed. Inspired by German philosopher Karl Marx, communist states replace private property and a profit-based economy with public ownership and communal control of economic production, such as labor, capital goods, and natural resources. Ĭommunism is a centralized form of government led by a single party that is often authoritarian in its rule. The county founded its republic in 1944 and has since risen to become one of the world's highest-ranked democracies through systems of social welfare, universal health care, and tertiary education. After signing a treaty with Denmark in 1918, Iceland became a fully independent and sovereign state. An independent commonwealth, monarchs, and colonial governments ruled the island for thousands of years. Iceland had numerous forms of government following its settlement in 874 AD. Democracies advocate for fair and free elections, civic participation, human rights protections, and law and order. The result is a system that requires discourse, debate, and compromise to satisfy the broadest possible number of public interests, leading to majority rule. The primary goal is to govern through fair representation and prevent abuses of power. Can You Transfer Credits to Online College?ĭemocracy is a form of government that allows the people to choose leadership.The Online Bachelor’s Degree Guide 2021.